In the world of agriculture, nanoparticles are gaining recognition for their ability to remediate soil degradation in a sustainable manner. They have recently been identified as prospective fertilisers because of their characteristics, which make them easier for plants to absorb and use than their bulk equivalent. Due to the overuse of traditional fertilisers, which are unsustainable, expensive, and hazardous to the environment, soil degradation over time has decreased agricultural yields and nutritional quality. Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter on a near-atomic scale to produce new structures and materials. Nanotechnology is emerging out as the greatest imperative tools in recent agriculture and predictable to become a driving economic force in the near future. Nanotechnology can contribute to enhance agricultural productivity in a sustainable manner, using agricultural inputs more effectively, and reducing by-products that can harm the environment or human health. Integrating nanotechnology into agriculture, including fertiliser creation, is considered one of the greatest feasible methods to significantly increase crop yield and sustain the world’s constantly growing population. The application of nanoparticles in agriculture as is attributed to their improved characterization, absorption and responsiveness, as well as surface and adhesion effects. There has been main attention in using nanotechnology in agriculture and the food system due to great potential as it can improve the quality of different products. Through nano biotechnology, we can understand the biology of different crops, which will eventually help enhance the yield and nutritional value of those crops through breeding. Carbon nanotubes can enhance the germination of tomato seeds through the better conveyance of moisture. Nanotechnology also prevents waste in agriculture. From this technique we are able to study plant’s regulation of hormones which is responsible for root growth and seedling establishment. Nanotechnology will play a vital role in the development of the agricultural sector, as it is capable of being used in agricultural products that protect plants and monitor plant growth and detect diseases. Nanotechnology considers a novel key to growing agricultural production through implementing nutrient efficiency, improve plant protection practices also. Nanotechnology may have real solutions for various agriculture problems like improved crop varieties, plant protection, detect diseases and monitor plant growth. However, fewer studies have investigated the broad application of nanoparticles in pest and disease management, offering an opportunity for future research in crop protection.