Mathematics was often portrayed as the story of great men, but history proves otherwise. In ancient times, the Early Modern Era, during the development of the research university in the nineteenth century, and through the modern scientific state, women played roles in the development of mathematical thought and practice. They commented on mathematics, taught mathematics, produced textbooks, and made groundbreaking contributions to number theory, algebra, logic, geometry, elasticity theory, and computing. However, their success did not always translate into recognition. Women lacked access to education, entry into academies and universities, resorted to anonymous publications, received precarious or unwaged appointments, and were known for their relationships with eminent men. In this essay, it will be argued that the major historical trend lies in women\'s active involvement in mathematics coupled with their systematic exclusion from the processes of certifying achievements, awarding rewards, archiving accomplishments, and recalling mathematicians in institutional memory. Among the most notable women who worked in the field of mathematics will be mentioned Hypatia, Maria Gaetana Agnesi, Sophie Germain, Sofia Kovalevskaya, Emmy Noether, Grace Hopper, Julia Robinson, Euphemia Lofiton Haynes, Maryam Mirzakhani, Karen Uhlenbeck, and Maryna Viazovska.