This study aims to analyze how productive the countries in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) are in producing rice. Rice is a vital staple food that contributes to food security, hunger reduction, and poverty alleviation for a large segment of the ECOWAS population. However, rice importation and prices are high across the region, reflecting the low domestic production. This study considers the role of agriculture in the economy and the diversity of resources among the countries, and evaluates the effect of various inputs such as labour, harvested area, fertilisers, and energy (electricity) on rice cereal production at the country level from 2011 to 2020. This study uses Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) to measure the performance of countries. The findings indicate that the performance of countries differs, with six out of 11 countries have increased their productivity over the time period studied. According to the study, improved production management can help optimize the inputs and increase rice production.