The efforts aimed at maximizing the efficiency of energy storage have led to detailed studies of nanoarchitectures of electrodes that address the kinetic and structural limitations of bulk materials. In this regard, the current research systematically explores the preparation, structural features, and electrochemical behavior of nanocomposites of graphene, MXenes, and transition metal oxides for supercapacitor and lithium-ion battery technologies. It was proposed to use the combination of hydrothermal and ex situ oxidative polymerization methods to synthesize Ti?C?T? MXenes/polyaniline and reduced graphene oxide/transition metal oxide nanocomposites. Cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and impedance spectroscopy results have shown that MXene/PANI composites provide specific capacitance of more than 430 F g?¹ with good cycling stability up to 10,000 cycles, while CoNiP/rGO nanocomposite electrodes demonstrate capacities close to 477 mAh g?¹ with retention. Comparison of the studied systems with the reference carbon and oxide ones shows that nanoarchitectures where conductive scaffolds pro-vide resistance to restacking of the structure, while redox-active components provide redox-active sites can be considered a solution.