The evolution of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems has reached a pivotal stage where the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and cloud computing is enabling the transition toward the autonomous enterprise. This review article analyzes the technical and strategic frameworks required to integrate SAP systems with AI for automated decision-making. We explore the role of the SAP Business Technology Platform as the orchestration layer for agentic AI, moving beyond traditional predictive models to autonomous digital agents that plan and execute cross-functional workflows. The article examines the transition from Joule-powered generative support to multi-agent systems capable of self-healing supply chains and autonomous financial operations. We further discuss the technical imperatives of a clean core strategy and the mitigation of risks such as AI hallucinations and data sovereignty. By grounding AI in business semantics through retrieval augmented generation, these systems ensure that autonomous actions remain compliant with corporate logic and global regulations. The review highlights how the synergy between SAP AI Core and hyperscaler infrastructure facilitates the scaling of these models across global enterprises. Furthermore, we evaluate the shift in the human role from manual data processing to the strategic governance of intelligent agents. This transition promises to redefine operational agility, allowing businesses to react to market fluctuations with unprecedented speed and precision. By synthesizing current architectural trends, this review provides a comprehensive roadmap for organizations to leverage AI-integrated SAP ecosystems to achieve proactive business resilience in a volatile digital economy.