Osteoarthritis is a progressive whole-joint disorder characterized by cartilage degradation, subchondral bone remodelling, synovial inflammation, oxidative stress and functional disability. Conventional therapies provide symptomatic benefit but may have limitations during long-term use. Herbal and polyherbal formulations have attracted interest because several botanicals contain phytoconstituents with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic and chondroprotective potential. This review summarizes the rationale for selected herbs such as Curcuma longa, Boswellia serrata, Zingiber officinale, Withania somnifera, Piper longum, Acacia nilotica, Sida cordifolia and Triphala-related formulations. It also discusses experimental models, biomarkers, histopathological endpoints and quality-by-design considerations. The review emphasizes that traditional use should be supported by authentication, standardization, marker-based quality control, toxicity assessment and controlled pharmacological or clinical evidence.