Rural India faces a critical educational crisis, with 67 to 75 percent of the population residing in villages yet experiencing severe quality deficits in schooling. Despite near-universal enrollment, more than half of fifth-grade students cannot read a second-grade textbook or perform basic arithmetic. This comprehensive review synthesizes nearly a decade of research (2016–2025) by Budhedeo, Arora & Gupta, and Chauhan et al., identifying persistent structural barriers including undertrained teachers, inadequate ICT infrastructure, language-content mismatches, and socio-economic exclusion. The review examines the transformative potential of e-learning platforms, Learning Management Systems (LMS), and government digital initiatives such as DIKSHA, SWAYAM, and PM e-Vidya. Recommendations cover infrastructure development, teacher capacity building, content localization, affordability, and community engagement as essential pillars for achieving equitable digital education in rural India.