A cascaded side-polish plastic optical fiber (POF) and FONTEX optical fiber based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor is proposed for simultaneous measurement of refractive index (RI) and temperature. The side-polish POF and FONTEX optical fiber are connected by using the UV glue in a Teflon plastic tube. The SPR phenomenon can be excited at both of the side-polish region and the FONTEX fiber cladding. The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is coated on the side-polish POF to get a temperature sensing channel. Due to the low RI sensitivity of the FONTEX optical fiber, the cascaded fiber sensor can obtain a broader RI measurement range with a low crosstalk. An RI sensitivity of 700?nm/RIU in the RI measurement range of 1.335-1.39 and a temperature sensitivity of ?1.02?nm/°C measured in deionized water with a range of 20-60 °C are obtained. In addition, the cascaded POF based SPR sensor has potential application prospects in the field of biochemical sensing.