Abstract: Where the mind is free from fear and the head is held high, The Baloi River is vital to the indigenous Maranaos living along its banks, serving as their main source of fish and transportation and playing a crucial role in their social, cultural, and religious traditions. Research is currently underway to evaluate the status of fish species in the river through surveys, field sampling, and interviews with local fishermen. This data aims to understand the livelihoods of fishing communities and inform efforts to improve their conditions, address key challenges, and promote fish biodiversity conservation. The study employs various indices to measure species diversity, richness, and evenness. Initial findings indicate that while the fish species diversity in the Baloi River remains stable, there is indiscriminate exploitation of its resources by residents. Sustainable management and conservation measures are urgently needed to protect the ecosystem and its valuable resources. The absence of effective management strategies has led to a decline in fish species due to human activities and pollution. Implementing proper regulations is essential to increase production, safeguard endangered species, and enhance the livelihoods of local residents.