A Review Of Quantum Communication With Photons: Principles, Protocols, And Progress

Ujwal Bhalgat; Swaraj Wetal; Ayush Shah; Prof. Pramod Jagdale

A Review Of Quantum Communication With Photons: Principles, Protocols, And Progress

Author : Ujwal Bhalgat, Swaraj Wetal, Ayush Shah, Prof. Pramod Jagdale Journa Name: International Journal of Scientific Research & Engineering Trends Volume: 12 issue: 2 Year: Volume-12-issue-2 Views : 234

Abstract:

This paper presents a comprehensive review of quantum communication using photons, based primarily on the foundational work of Krenn, Malik, Scheidl, Ursin, and Zeilinger. The review covers core quantum mechanical principles such as qubits, superposition, entanglement, and the no-cloning theorem, and explains how these principles underpin secure quantum communication. Key protocols including Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and quantum teleportation are discussed. The paper further explores long-distance ground-based and space-based experiments, and examines the emerging role of high-dimensional quantum states using Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) of photons. The aim is to provide a structured understanding of the current state and future potential of quantum communication technologies.